Greece: Birthplace of Western Civilization

Greece: Birthplace of Western Civilization Greece was known as the Birthplace of Western Civilization (Aquino Badilles, 2006, p.80) because its culture became the epitome for the succeeding western civilizations. The tale of the ancient Greek civilization is a painful history of foreign supremacy. But their civilization was built on solid foundation and led by efficient leaders that created values and customs that are still being practiced and observed by modern societies. It is for this reason that the Greek civilization flourished, remembered, celebrated and accepted by the whole world. One factor that can be considered as an integral part of the development of Greek civilization is its geography. The geography of Greece had an overwhelming impact on its political, cultural, economic and social growth. The geographical features of ancient Greece contributed to its advantage and disadvantage. Ancient Greece can be found at the tip of Balcan peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is surrounded by three seas: in the south is the Mediterranean Sea; Ionian Sea in the west; and the Aegean Sea in the east. The Corint Gulf connects the separate region of the Peloponnesus, which is the southern tip of Greece, and Africa (Willis, 1985). The Greek mainland is a peninsula which extends into the Mediterranean Sea. The core of ancient Greece is consisted of mountainous and rugged lands. The Pindus Mountain, which is 8700 feet high, runs down the Middle of the Balkan Peninsula and is considered as the dominant range (Burns, 1958). Greece is a strategic location for empire building because it served as the crossroads between Africa, Asia and Europe. Three geographical features that affected Greece the most included the climate, the mountains and the seas. Ancient Greeces climate is temperate, making it comfortable to the people to be outside of their homes almost every year. This allowed them to engage in outdoor life within their city-states. They were able to interact with each other which enabled them to organize outdoor activities such as athletic competitions, public gatherings, entertainment and art shows, and meetings, which facilitate to the development of a rich and distinct Greek culture. The second geographical feature is the mountains. Greece is a mountainous society. Almost 70 to 80 percent of Greece is covered and dominated with mountains (Aquino Badilles, 2006). The advantage of the mountains is that they contributed to the preservation of the purity of Greek culture. Because of the mountains, inhabitants of ancient Greek civilization were secluded to their area resulting to rare interactions with other cultures. One bad effect of this geographical feature is that it served as a natural barrier which acted like walls separating different communities. It hindered communication among communities and slowed down the introduction of new ideas and technology. It also obstructed the development of a unified system of government. The Greeks ingenious solution to this problem is to developed the polis or the city-state. The creation of the city-states indicates the start of Greeks classical age because the emergence of the polis started the numerous great achievements o f the civilization (Willis, 1985). It also proved that democratic government works better in smaller states (Willis, 1985). Every polis has its own government and laws and it helped promote peoples participation in political affairs. It also provided protection and security to the inhabitants. Because states are smaller, the demands and needs of the people were easily reflected in the laws and policies that the government established. Another disadvantage of this geographical feature is that only few lands were dedicated to farming. Few small valleys and plains of ancient Greece provided farm land for the people. Adding to the disadvantage is the the rocky lands and poor soil which are not suitable for the domestication of plants. Although they experienced such disadvantages in farming, they still tried to cultivate olives and grapes. They also domesticated sheeps and cattles as an alternative to farming. The development of the polis also helped in their dilemma because it allowed t hem to supply enough food for the smaller population. The last and probably the most important geographical feature is the sea. Having been surrounded by three major bodies of water served as an advantage because it allowed early Greeks to travel and trade. The nearness of Greece to major trade routes allowed the prosperity in maritime commerce (Aquino Badilles, 2006). The sea also made the people became fishers, sailors and merchants. They excelled in ship buildings and voyaging because of their knowledge about seas around them. In the Greco-Persian wars, the Greeks used the seas to their advantage. They build smaller more efficient ships to pass through narrow routes and they exhibited their skills as naval armies. Also, the seas allowed the Greeks to depend heavily on trade. The Greeks get what they could not grow through trading. The exchanged olive oil, wine, wool and pottery with grains and other natural resources, which had a limited supply during that time . Because of their proximity to the seas, fish became the Greeks staple food. Moreover, trade encouraged cultural diffusion. It enabled the exchange of ideas with other culture and the spread of Hellenistic culture. It also encouraged them to have further knowledge about different existing civilizations at that time. To sum it all up, the mountains of Greece limited the civilizations agricultural progress and political unity. But, instead of being a disadvantage, the limitations provided ancient Greece with a stronger and well-developed communities. Adding to that are the seas that connect Greece with each other and the whole world. The seas provided Greeks with wider perspectives about other cultures and encouraged them to find ways on how to properly utilize their limited resources. It just affirms that geography, in one way or another, shaped and affected the ancient Greek civilization. References Aquino, G. Badilles, D. (2006). Social studies in perspective III. Makati City, Philippines: Diwa Scholastic Press Inc. Burns, E. M. (1958). Western civilization. New York: W. W. Norton and Co. Inc. McNeil, W. H. (1999). A world history: 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press. Willis, F. R. (1985). Western civilization. USA: D. C. Health and Company.

Mlb Advanced Media Case Summar

Stephen Sewell MLB Advanced Media Case 1. Major League Baseball has been an industry leader in the digital space for athletic entertainment, thanks to the launch of Baseball Advanced Media (BAM) in 2009. Once the organization took off and grew, it began branching out and offering its content in a variety of channels and platforms. Careful consideration had been given on each of these platforms, but the organization considered itself to be a risk-taker and a first-mover for its industry. Now, with the launch of Apple’s iPad in 2010, BAM was faced with different and complex issues concerning a BAM application for the device.Would they invest the resources to create an app? Would this app be different from existing apps, such as At Bat for the iPhone and iPod touch? How does this addition improve the portfolio of offerings, and does this cannibalize other sources of revenue for BAM? 2. BAM has experienced tremendous growth since its inception, and has come to be known as an indus try leader and overall content delivery model for others to aspire to be. Their content generation leads to increased revenues and partnerships, which leads to more features and options, which leads to more passionate fans and employees, which leads to more innovation.This virtuous cycle has allowed BAM to achieve substantial revenues from its four major sources. The first is their Ticket Sales, which account for 39% of total revenues. Over 30 million tickets were sold online last year (at the time of the case), which is more than a third of the overall baseball attendance. This ticket sale dominance grew substantially with the acquisition of Tickets. com, and a five-year partnership with Stubhub. com. Through these mediums, MLB and BAM removed the uneasiness and uncertainty associated with scalping tickets and created an official secondary market for reselling MLB tickets.When a fan enters the game, the clubs also make a lot of money on things like concessions and merchandise sales . Because of this, Ticket Sales is one of their greatest strengths (key driver), but is also one of the biggest areas that can be seen as a threat. As the content and experience of online and mobile products increases, the desire and willingness to pay for going to the actual stadium decreases. The MLB must work closely BAM to ensure that the two are not in direct competition with each other. The next is their paid-content model, which attributes about 31% to the company’s overall revenues.This, as discussed later in the paper, has been a great strength for BAM. If they are not constantly pursuing innovative and novel ideas and products, this will become a huge threat. BAM also benefits from Merchandizing and Advertising/Sponsorships, which account for the remaining sources of revenue. A key driver going forward will be to continue partnering and aligning with major players in the industry to not only leverage their content and expertise, but also to subdue any potential comp etitive products from seriously posing a threat to market share. 3. BAM seeks to serve MLB fans of all walks of life.Whether it’s the Cardinals fan that wants to get audio coverage of a game that can’t attend, or the business executive that needs a quick update on how his Twins are doing during a meeting, BAM’s products seek to address a variety of fan lifestyles. For the die-hard fan that never wants to miss any of the action, MLB. TV gives fans incredible value by being able to watch any game out-of-market at any time, watch up to 4 games at once, or even get a 10-12 minute condensed version. MLB. TV reaches out to the more active fan that seeks to dedicate a large amount of their time to their MLB allegiance.For the fan that is passionate about the sport and/or their favorite team but doesn’t have a large amount of time to sit through 9 innings, there is MLB. com. On this website, fans can view scores, statistics, schedules, standings, get links to ind ividual team pages, buy tickets and merchandise, or get video highlights. The fan that frequents this product can spend on average about 20-30 minutes on the page at a time, but really cannot devote the time that those who utilize MLB. TV can. Next, we have users that frequent the At Bat, who are more of a tech-savvy, on-the-go type of fan.The value BAM users receive from these push notifications, quick highlights and stats, and live audio streams allows for them to access information anywhere, at any time. The fan can always be on top of the latest rumors and trades, even if there schedule is packed. These products also create value for customers that it does not serve. BAM being recognized as one of the best in digital sports content, it puts the pressure on other athletic organizations to pursue similar initiatives. Sports fans of the NFL and NBA are aware of what is happening in the baseball world, and demand similar experiences.Moreover, BAM’s content delivery and qualit y are well-respected even with those companies not in the sports arena. Companies can model their online and mobile presences after BAM, or can even bring in people for temporary projects to ensure efficiency (like Apple did). 4. BAM’s paid-content model was initially met with a heavy amount of resistance, both internally and externally. With so much information available all over the web and TV, a lot of people questioned whether people having to pay for information and access would be something that would catch on and hold.It has now taken off, mainly because of the passionate and active fan base. Due to the fact that there are SO many games throughout the regular season, and that each team typically has a strong following, Baseball Advanced Media can afford to up-charge for their information and content. As more and more sources become available, and â€Å"generic† prescriptions for these athletic media sources permeate the scene, the paid-content model will come in to question. As long as BAM, and all of their products, are constantly pursuing ground-breaking and innovative initiatives, the paid-content model can be sustainable.But, to that end, this means that their entrepreneurial push needs to be effective and tactical. They cannot afford to be first movers on products, and then have these products fall flat and keel over. As they continue onward down the media content path, they must continually offer more interactive and unique experiences that do not eat into each other’s markets and profits. 5. Bowman and the BAM staff must be very careful in approaching this iPad application. Although the app will serve a similar audience, BAM should be cognizant of the different â€Å"brand images† each of their offerings in their product portfolio.For example, At Bat allows fans to listen live (audio, even though there are 2 free games per day) to every game, get up-to-the-minute stats, receive push notifications, etc. So, it is safe to assume that the At Bat user is looking for convenience and quick analysis of what is important to them. MLB. TV encounters a similar situation, in that it is primarily utilized for streaming and HD-quality video of all out-of-market games, and that users can view multiple games at once. BAM’s In-Market Streaming brings with it some great opportunities, but can also severely cannibalize existing ticket sales if not monitored and controlled properly.MLB. com also served as a hub for fans that want to get in-depth information, but aren’t willing to sit through an entire game or TV show. Overall, BAM has an extensive portfolio that has brought them significant revenues and accolades over the past few years. Based on the explosive success of their previous relationships and dealings with Apple, on top of the achievements their At Bat app has had in the iTunes store, there is a lot of room for expansion with the iPad launch.BAM must consider the exact same issues that Apple is currently facing with its new launch: are they truly reaching a â€Å"new audience† or are they just cannibalizing the revenues of existing products. For example, will Apple lose money on their big money maker, the iPhone, as a result of this new product? BAM faces a similar scenario. There is a tremendous opportunity to be a first-mover on what could be a ground-breaking product. Because of their previous relationship and prior commitment to an application launch, BAM would be wise to invest resources into this new product, even if the iPad is receiving less-than-stellar reviews. . The new iPad app must be easily differentiated from the existing products, and also come with different features as well. Just as there other products seek to do, this app must serve a specific function for its customer. The new iPad app should seek to capitalize on the screen size and capability of the iPad, and truly be INTERACTIVE for the user. This new brand will be a hub for those who wan t to not only watch and follow their teams and players, but also participate in the journey.To do this, first and foremost, the new app must be given a new name. Although BAM could stand to leverage the already-popular brand for the purpose of the new launch, there are a few reasons why they should go with a different brand name. Customers will automatically assume that the products are the same (both specifically made for Apple products, therefore assuming the features and specs are identical). Therefore, BAM should go with a name that vividly describes the interactive user experience, such as MLB Experience or Home Field Advantage.Setting the stage early in terms of its name will truly help to set this product apart from the rest. With that, there should be a different price charged for this new iPad application. For the same reason that a similar name would confuse users, the new product should be a tad bit pricier (not terribly higher than the iPhone application, but enough to d emonstrate the full value of its features). Since the price of this application would be directly compared to At Bat, I would suggest putting the price in the $20-$25 range for the length of the season.Finally, the features need to encompass some of what At Bat does, but then bring the user experience to an entirely new level. Users will be exposed to live video with superimposed stats, live fantasy updates right on the screen, unique statistics (for instance, how well does this hitter do with two outs and runners in scoring position), and other pre-game and post-game interviews, To further differentiate between the existing products, the iPad application should not just offer two free games per day.Instead, they should have an â€Å"introductory demo package† that will give users 1 month of free usage, which is a one-time offer. This will allow MLB fans to see all the perks associated with the app, and essentially become hooked with 100 games left to go in the regular season . Following the initial trial package, they can allow for one or two free games per week, to allow those who haven’t experienced the app. This will avoid the criticism and the dilemma that the At Bat is facing by trying to reduce the amount of free games offered.Furthermore, the iPad application can sell individual games in an a-la-carte type of menu, but only if those games are at a higher price than At Bat. Since fans will be receiving a higher-quality experience with more features, the price per game should be $1. 49, and fans will be able to access this individual game at any time. By maintaining a separate brand for the iPad app, the company can encourage users and fans to purchase multiple products, which will ultimately prevent cannibalization of revenues. It will require more of a marketing push, but BAM can leverage other sources to aid in this effort.

How to Fell a Tree Using a Chainsaw

Community Immersion Olympia Downtown District - 1927 Words

Community Immersion: Olympia Downtown District Kristen Doyle University of Southern California Professor Stacy Kratz May 25th, 2016 There is significant variation in how communities are defined in our world. The dominate themes found relate communities to space, people, interaction, and shared identity (Netting, Kettner, McMurtry, Thomas, 2012). Understanding communities allows social workers to partner with community members and leaders in order to identify root-causes of social problems and create solutions together. Individuals themselves are experts of their own communities and can offer different ways of viewing the world around them. This paper uses a community assessment framework, discussing community†¦show more content†¦Downtown Olympia has a thriving local arts scene and is the home of The Washington Center for the Performing Arts (City of Olympia, n.d. C). The community of the Downtown District is bordered by water to the west, State Avenue to the north, Plum Street to the east, and Union Avenue to the south. The boundaries of the geographic community of the Downtown District are shown below: Source: Downtown Olympia, 2016 According to the 2014 Census, there are 3,194 residents of the Downtown District. Nearly 31 percent of the population is married and 22.4% of the population is 65 years old and over (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The majority of the community is white, taking up 93% of the population. The remainder of the population is Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and Hispanic or Latino. Community members that are Native-born make up 87.5% of the population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The median income in the Downtown District is $33,625 in 2014, which nonfamily households earning a median income of $24,818. Food stamps are used by 22.6% of households and 17.4% of the population is below poverty level. Most notably, 55.9% of the population 25 years and over who have not graduated from high school are in poverty status. Additionally, 27.9% of high school graduates 25 years and over are in poverty status. Unemployed persons make up 6.8% of the population. The majority of housing

The Slavery Of The United States - 897 Words

As the century drew to a close new innovations were being created every day. Things such as the cotton gin were being created and as industry grew so did the reliance of railroads for transportation, thus sparking a catalyst that could aid the work force. This was especially important for those living in the United States as it was a relatively new, yet thriving country that was rapidly becoming an economic threat to countries that dominated the world for centuries. While the northern parts of the United States were quickly catching on to a blossoming new century, there was still an old custom being practiced in the south that was widely outdated, slavery. The â€Å"necessary evil† was soon becoming a thing of the past, and while the north seemed to be flourishing the south was still grounded in the outdated custom that was long overdue and kept those tied down to it in bondage. Slavery was no longer a needed institution and its insinuation not only hindered the south, but of the overall growth of the United States. There is no mistaking slavery is one of the oldest and most evil practices condoned by humanity. Its very nature goes against every document stating that all men are equal therefore sharing equal rights. Pertaining to the United States it is one of the darkest, most unfathomable forms of labor permitted. Not only did it take away the commons rights of freedom, it also dehumanizes those who bound to it, being seen as simply livestock in a herd or property that couldShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Unites States during the 1850s was a harsh time for African Americans, not only were they treated extremely harsh; but many of them were slaves as well. Slavery was the topic of every discussion during this time period and the United States was literally split on the issue of slavery. A lot of the Southern States wanted to continue slavery because it was a way of life. Many of the southerners depend on slavery to help grow and harvest crops that were on acres and acres of land. Northerns, onRead MoreSlavery And The United States848 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During these years, many different topics were up for dispute and compromises were being negotiated. Unfortunately, it was hard for all of the citizens to come to a complete compromise for the disputes. Some states had similar opinions, while others were in a deadlock. One of the biggest disputes during this time were over slavery. While other disputes only involved a few states, slavery was a dispute that caused unrest between two distinctive regions in the United States: theRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Slavery is founded on the selfishness of man’s nature; opposition to it on his love for justice.† This saying by Abraham Lincoln tells us that people are really different when it comes to their beliefs and attitudes. Some are so focused on wealth, which is why they have slaves to work for free, and tr eated them as properties instead of real human beings. On the other hand, some people were against slavery because it violated the basic human rights like the right to life, liberty, and security.Read MoreThe Slavery Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesEvery country has a dark past, whether it’s about conquering land from Native Americans, or mass genocide of a single race. The United States was no different from the rest of the world, especially when slavery was involved. The South had its reasons on why to establish and justify the slavery system while the North rejected their beliefs. By focusing on the South’s argument, this will help to understand why they fought for their rights to keep slaves and understand how the African Americans wereRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1095 Words   |  5 Pagesattempted to cure their complete opposition on the regulation of slavery by using federal power to coerce an end to the feud, yet the movement increase d tension between the divided nation. By invoking both legislative and judicial power, politicians used laws which included slave codes and freedom laws as well as court decisions like Dred Scott v Sandford (1875) to convince or force the population into acceptance of stances on slavery. Each party viewed their tactics and ideas to be righteous, andRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreSlavery And The United States1507 Words   |  7 PagesOver the centuries, slavery held a prominent factor in United States history. Slavery shaped and formed what society was in the United States. Slavery’s influence impacted the United States in various ways. The ways that slavery impacted United States history are the United States economy, society and politics. Some historians argue slavery is not an important factor in United States history. However, they are wrong because slavery brought many different political movements and t he Underground RailroadRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery has played a very integral part in the development of the United States so far. It has taught people the importance of racial equality and moral discipline, which was lacked back in the time when slavery existed. Moreover, slaves were used mostly by farmers and business owners who wanted to maximize their profits and wanted cheap sources of labor. Slaves were first imported into the United States back in 1502 by a merchant named; Juan de Cà ³rdoba. The South was very interested in bringingRead MoreSlavery And The United States1673 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, when slavery existed, blacks were undermined and denied many freedoms entitled to them under the Constitution. There were many topics argued about, but slavery caused the most dispute within the country. In the 1850’s, the pro-slavery South and the anti-slavery North collided when the case of Dred Scott, a black slave who attempted to gain liberation, was brought to court. The North and South had vastly different views on the subject of slavery, Scott had resided in the free state of IllinoisRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1670 Words   |  7 Pageswedge between the nation. As the United States progressed into different industries, slavery benefited only one side of the country – the south. The north began outlawing slavery, deeming it as immoral and unconstitutional while the south needed and depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The opposing sides on the slave system lead to arguments between the North and the South as to decide what new territories would allow slavery, then leading on to outlawing slavery all together. Tensions increased

Solutions to Hurricane Sandy Free Essays

Dear New Yorkers, Last week, Super storm Sandy tore up the East Coast, leaving a path of immeasurable destruction and devastation in its wake. In addition, while many are still reeling and searching for necessities, we are reminded that some challenges like not having access to gas, water, electricity and damage to houses get resolved as soon as possible. It is imperative that we change these problems and fix them. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions to Hurricane Sandy or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why people like the American Cancer Society, ConEdison and volunteers are here around the clock to offer those facing trials and tribulations the information and support they continue to need. As New Yorkers, we will fight to the finish to make sure everything will be in tiptop shape again. While the damage and disruption that Sandy brought across the Eastern US continues to be assessed, as we move through energy and gasoline, housing is really the Number 1 concern. Many homeowners will most likely rebuild their homes. Unfortunately, no one can stop Mother Nature and this weather-related catastrophe could happen again. Restructuring the sand dunes to even greater heights will only allow the tropical and hurricane force winds to displace more sand and Atlantic Ocean salt water on the streets and into the homes and businesses. However, there is a way to alleviate some of the problems. All the municipalities along the entire New Jersey coastline should require the homeowners to rebuild their homes above ground level. These homes should be built on pilings that are anchored deep into the ground with a minimum height requirement of 6 feet above ground level. The sand dunes should be rebuilt on a minimum height scale. This would mean less displacement of sand throughout the towns. Hundreds of cars lined up for gasoline while other gas stations, with millions of gallons statewide, sit empty because they have no power to operate their pumps. I know as New Yorkers we have questions such as why is the installation of generators in gas stations a statutory requirement for operating a gas station. Meanwhile, traffic signals at major intersections are out, creating dangerous driving conditions, while the streetlights adjacent to the traffic lights have power and are on. I know it does not take an electrical engineer to figure out what is wrong with that picture. Well the fact of the matter is, people still had to go to work and school. Therefore, they had to do what they saw best fit, which was driving. Fortunately, more gas tankers and barges are coming to the area and ‘there will be more of a supply of gas,’ but that availability problems may continue for a few more days. The relentless dedication of our millions of supporters enables our society to deliver on our mission of saving lives by helping people stay well. In addition, helping people get well together, we can emerge from any storm that comes our way and continue to create a world with less cancer and more birthdays. I hope this note finds you and your loved ones safe and secure. -Mayor How to cite Solutions to Hurricane Sandy, Papers

A case of Orangutan Foundation

Question: Prepare a Marketing Report on Orangutan Foundation. Answer: Executive summary Rise in the volunteer travelers worldwide has increased the charity and other to open for the lucrative offer for the expedition on the highly daunting and intimidating experience of travelling. Orangutan foundations in central Kalimnatan are known its conserving the apes which are on the verge of extinctions. With the rise in the volunteer tourism has created lucrative offer for the foundation to launch the expeditions for the sensational seeker customers. Apart from that, theses traveler are being motivated by the cultural immersion, giving back, seeking camaraderie and bonding opportunities are some of the major examples of the motivators. Segmentation, targeting and positioning process helps the Orangutan foundations to understand their customer base. The Orangutan foundations are targeting 16-40 age groups for the expeditions. Apart from that, by using penetration pricing Strategies Company is able to attract the volunteer travelers. Lastly with various media like Televisions, s ocial media platform like Face book and the twitter are some for the major promotion positioning tactics for the Orangutan foundations. Introduction Tourism Industry is one of the booming industries in Australian economy. In 2012 the Tourism industry has seen up to 5.5% growth in Australian tourism industry which has now become more than $35 billion contributing in GDP (Benson, 2011). In the recent times, volunteer tourism has been one of the most influential tourism sectors which are rising in Australia along with rising the volunteer tourism foundations who are willing to give thrilling and challenging form of expeditions which would be life changing experience for the tourist. One of the major rising foundation is Orangutan foundations who is known for the persevering the endangered mammoth apes and tropical forest since 1999 (Brown and Morrison, 2003). Foundation has organised diverse range of programme for the saving the Orangutan and creating sustainability among the tourist. The study deals with volunteer tourism and Orangutan foundations along with its segmenting, targeting and positioning formula. Back ground of the company: Orangutan foundations Orangutan a foundation is UK registered charity working for saving the endangered species giant apes that are on the verge of extinct. This foundation is established in 1990 in order to raise the awareness among the tourist regarding the Orangutan and its species along with conserving tropical sustainability (Vrasti, 2013). Orangutan foundations are actively promoting the awareness among public, media, governmental organisation, tourist to facilitate the endangered spices. Foundation is also an esteem member of UNEP, UNESCO and pride member of APE Alliance. On the other hand another major purpose of the foundations is to protect the tropical forest habitat and reach maximum places to monitor the present condition of Orangutan and their species along with maintaining the biodiversity and unique forest (Orangutan.org.uk, 2015). Foundations ahs also launched various programme such as Belantiokan Conservative Programme and Saving Apes are some of major strategies that used by the Orangut an foundations. There are various services provided by the Orangutan foundations to attract the volunteer tourist: One of the primary functions of the Volunteered tourism is to take initiative to determine the need of the tourists and target the promotion efforts to increase in the continuity in creating the large customer base for the cause (Herbutt, 2013). Orangutan foundations as an tour operators chooses the various models which will serve the best to serve the clients, stakeholder sand the foundations. In 2008, the market for volunteer tourism in Western Europe grew by 5-8% from the previous years which is very good news for the volunteer tourism industry. As the growth in this reason seen because of the number of rising people joining for the tour to the variety of destinations (Page and Connell, 2008). Orangutan foundations basically involve in the short term volunteering opportunities for the tourist and the customers which would like to helps others and live for the cause. Volunteer tourism offers hybrid form of options to meet the demand of tourist by going beyond conservations and trad itional form of tourist supply chain (Pineda and Brebbia, 2010). Volunteer tourism programme One of the major services that, Orangutan foundations promises that trip would be the very adventures. There would be various twist and turns while visiting the various tropical forest of Australia, Indonesia and the other Asian destinations (Pineda and Brebbia, 2012). Apart from that, things like making tent, cooking, building places for the Orangutan and creating awareness by educating and teaching the local communities residing behind the tropical forest. Orangutan foundations have taken initiative to raise the fund via charity and promote and protect the natural resources. Apart from that, saving forest would impact on the economy and country richness in natural resources (Brown and Lehto, 2005). This Orangutan foundations volunteer programme has started in 2000 in Tanjung Puting National Park which located in the central Kalimantan in Indonesia (Voluntourism.org, 2015). The programme promises to be more exciting and more adventurous for the tourist. Volunteer would be able to take porat in the first hand conservation of field work and the individual would be able to see the captive Orangutans in their present habitat (Orangutan.org.uk, 2015). Tanjung Puting National Park is one of the largest remaining populations of Orangutans in the unprotected areas. Challenging destinations challenging destination is another major criteria for the volunteer tourist who are very much sensation seeking. Foundations have chosen various model of expedition to promote and as well as raise the fund for the extinction of the giant apes (Australia, 2015). Challenging destinations creates huge amount of risk and also challenges that needed to be solved in places where the chances of livelihood id nowhere. Orangutan foundations has arranges the Indonesian tropical forest for the most of the tour expedition hc9h gives the tourist to faces the tough situation such as self medicated , taking care of self and others, team building along with making friends and also life changing experience for the tourist (Kelly et al. 2010). The foundations take the tourist for the sponsored running marathon by dressing them like apes in order to create awareness. Fundraising fundraising would be another major services which conducted by the orangutan foundations by supporting the range of programmes and innovative ideas like online shopping and merchandising the broad range of products to raise the fund for the cause (Grnroos, 2010). Apart from that, foundations also well into adopting an orangutan to reduce the burden of giving huge amount of fund. This decreases the burden for spending more form the low level and middle age income group (Gummesson, 2009). Schools and colleges packages (Youth driven) as per the Simon Faulkner of Sydney University of technology, feels that, youth are more inclined towards the voluntourists tourism. Volunteering tourist expires at wild life park in Indonesia and Thailand gives the surprise element t the students and the adults professionals (Gabriel et al. 2010). The level of dedication serve by the studenst while volunteer tourism is very much surprise package for the Orangutan foundations. As most of the students dedications, ability to maintain stay calm at tough condition without complaining is remarkable for the foundations (Voluntourism.org, 2015). The foundations tour operators work on the scrubbing pool, planning new trees, and walking endless towards the encore area of jungle feeding water and food to the apes. STEPPES travel tours programme This is unique form of travel tours organised by Orangutans foundations which is unique and very much prominent tours that go beyond the bored and conventional form of touring the places (Orangutan.org.uk, 2015). Steppes Travel is form of travel where the Orangutans expert from the foundations would give the insight of the work of foundations and show the life of Orangutans in their natural habitat. This experience will give the travelers beautiful rain forest along with journey with boat along with Sekonyer River. Apart from the ape, other animals like monkeys, various type birds, deer, lizards and leopard would be present (Gabriel et al. 2010). Volunteer tourist would engage in the daily life of wildlife of Orangutans. This would creates the awareness among the tourist about the living way of Orangutans and their foundations purpose of saving the last living giant of the earth who are on verge of extinction. Literature review The motivating factor for the volunteers while taking vacations and leisure are cultural immersions, giving back, seeking camaraderies and seeking educational bonding opportunities which would enlighten the volunteers for their lifetime. Cultural motivations The reason for volunteer on vacations helps the individuals to maintain the physical and emotional side along with understanding the local culture and community to gain strong motivational factor. As noted by Leigh (2006), one of the major benefit for the cultural immersions is to get on filed interaction with local community and local people which would bring out the valuable opportunities to understand the life via volunteer work. These parts of volunteering experiences enable the travelers to experience and learn beyond the typical tourism. Apart from that, cultural motivational also help the people to rationalize the lives and living environment of the places. It has been found out that volunteer travelers tries to get attach strong value for the seeking and experiencing authenticity of the visited place (Illeris, 2003). Volunteer travelers are also very much keen on learning and have curiosity of the local people and their common traditions that lead to connect with local people in more philosophical way. This helps the volunteer travelers to make strong friendship for the long term between the visitors and host during the expeditions (Foster-Smith and Evans, 2003). Giving back As discussed by Cousins et al. (2009), the other second motivational factor would be giving back and reach out to the insight of the less privileged places. Most of the individuals are very much keen on giving back whatever they have achieved. By spending the time with the local people and the creating the trip with objectives that helps them to work with less fortunate habitat or human rather than pure self enjoyment (Coghlan and Pearce, 2010). These are those people who are objective driven in life. This helps them to give back something to the society which these volunteers have received during their life time. Volunteer tourism is also known as the gateway for being the activists, political participations and opportunity to take part in the social movement. On the other hand , opined by Coghlan (2005), giving back is term which is promise felt by the achieving in life to return the favour to the unprivileged and unfortunate by bring smile in their face with some generosity. With these favour and help the most of the volunteer to achieve the maximum the satisfaction from the inner self. These volunteer are being selflessly working for the habitat and general people, to gain unselfish and being a part of noble team which would creates positive vibes from the inner self of the volunteer (Brown and Lehto, 2005). Seeking camaraderie On the other hand, the third motivation factor is seeking the camaraderie which is only achieved in the volunteer vacations. For the well versed travelers, these type of the trips would help them to bring the best of group sans the friendship for life time (Brown and Morrison, 2003). Interacting and meeting with the locale sand communities along with other travelers would give them long term friendship motives behind the volunteer vacations. These focus groups are very much interested in making friends and are looking to add value to their enjoyment for the overall pleasure trip experience (Pineda and Brebbia, 2012). While visiting, working with local members, experts and other expeditions members is helpful to make them to share their views and the help in building relationship strong bond for last life time. Seeking the camaraderie is one of the sentiments which are very much lucrative for these groups while visiting to the tours. However, sometimes the experience can also be nightmare for the travelers because of the poor and fighting environment of the places (Pineda and Brebbia, 2010). Individuals choose the volunteer vacations in order to anticipate building new relationship from the volunteer experience. Apart from that, it would be blend of the hard work and determinations with some recreations activities which would creates more of satisfaction level of doing the noble thing (Page and Connell, 2008). Educational Bonding opportunities Lastly, another major opportunities for the volunteer travelers is tom learn and get educated by the experience from the expeditions. Another major motivator factor which help the volunteer to gain the knowledge and skills which would they impart to their children, family and friends (Herbutt, 2013). This would help them to learn the less fortunate places and underprivileged model and their surviving tactics which would motivate them to make best use of the existing resources which the volunteer have. This expeditions creates awareness shared in social media site which educate people to stop misusing the natural resources and conserving the natural resources which would again the make the world better place. Apart from that, Benson (2011) opined that, educations and bonding would be increases for the volunteer travelers by raising the social issues and other various communal issues faced during the time of visiting the places. By participating in the educating team and sending messag e to the underprivileged to maintain healthy living and maintaining sustainability within their habitat which would direct them to self satisfaction and improve their vision of life (Coghlan and Pearce, 2010). This would seek better bonding opportunities with the children. These bonding with children make the learning more effective as they would indulge in achieving the social goals. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning process Segmentations of volunteer travelers Segmentation bases Customers segment for Volunteer Tourism for orangatun foundations Geographic Region North America, Europe, Asia Pacific , Australia Density Rural and Urban (45 million) Age 16-35 age category Gender Male, females and others Income High and middle income groups Occupation Employees and professionals Demographic Social status Working class, Non-working class, Students and teachers (No handicapped is allowed) Family size Single, nuclear, joint family Psychographic Lifestyle Traditional and moderns Occasions Regular and other Festive seasons and on holidays (March to June) Behavioural Benefits Learning, bonding with locales and communities and for self satisfaction Occasions No fixed category Segmentation part of volunteer tourism for Orangutans foundations are as given below: The chosen potential customers are from the Australia, northern America and the Europe in to the volunteer tourism because as the awareness in these nation are very much high in compare to other nations. One of the potential customers is students and college group who are very much interested in these type of research and expeditions (Gabriel et al. 2010). The volunteer are will generally from the Australian for the Orangutans foundations who are willing to raise the fund via creating the awareness via volunteer tourisms. Orangutan foundation has also organizes various programmes like camping, cooking and feeding the apes along with visiting the inner core of the forest (Gummesson, 2009). Along with that, how to sustain in the extreme situations and challenges to overcome of the situations are some of the major part of volunteer tourism within the company. The chosen income group is middle, class, higher class and lowers middle class in order to afford the prices. These income groups are being invited by the Orangutans foundations because of raising the fund sand creating awareness (Gabriel et al. 2010). Although the foundation is known for its charity foundations but selling of merchandise goodies of apes is also one of their major fund raising businesses. The segmentation of Orangutans foundations for the volunteer tourism is also raised by via online participation which would open for the entire citizen for Australia and UK (Voluntourism.org, 2015). Targeting Process At this phase the Orangutans foundations need to target their customer base who are willing to take financial and as well as life risking while going for the expeditions in the forest of Indonesia (Brown and Morrison, 2003). There is large quantity of the customer base willing to go to the places where the situations are tough and as well as dangerous. The foundations promises to keep safe but camping and cooking along with meeting new people would be life changing experience for the adventurer (Coghlan, 2005). Selecting the Target group Sensation seeker: Sensational seekers are those pole are who are willing to sacrifice the luxury for the thrill, and physically tough situation which would create s lots of scope of to rove themselves. Sensation seekers are associated with risk taking personality. These seekers wanted to give something in return to the society after what they have achieved (Cousins et al. 2009). Most of the students are very much sensational seeker who is willing to risk their life to get the best learning and practical on the filed experience of living with orangutan. In general population males are higher seeker of the females (Foster-Smith and Evans, 2003). The target age groups for these expeditions are start from the 16-40 years of age where the individuals are in the peak of childhood and adolescence. Target customer (Age wise) Age group for volunteer toursim Targeting (%) 16-24 41.1% 24-40 48.1% Above 40 11.01% Graph 1: Age group for volunteer toursim (Source: Gabriel et al. 2010, pp-506) Target income group for Orangutans expeditions Income group per month of volunteer tourist (Europe , UK and Australia) Market shares (%) $5000-$10,000 34.01% $10,000-$20,000 28.09% $20,000-$35000 31.03% $35000-$40,0000 19.1% $40,000-$50,000 11.08% Above 50,000 9.23% Graph 2: Income group per month of volunteer tourist (Europe, UK and Australia) Positioning Service: Orangutan foundations need to look for more new expeditions apart from that Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia. With new variety of expedition the mountain climbing along with helping the local communities and the apes would increase the volunteer. As per now, foundation has narrowed down its expedition only to the fixed place (Australia.gov.au, 2015). Pricing strategies Foundation should choose the penetration pricing as this will help the foundations to create large volunteer from each and every part of the nations. With low price and high adventurous quality and support the strong cause will attract the large customer. Figure 1: Pricing strategy used by orangutan foundations (Source: McIntosh and Zahra, 2007, pp-543) Place: Place would be school, colleges and the rest of the tour and travel company. Providing flight ticket to the customers and hotel booking to camping in the forest areas along with feeding the orangutan is the major supply chain prices for the Orangutan foundations. Supply chain system of orangutan foundation is given below: Figure 2: Supply chain system (Source: Gabriel et al. 2010, pp-520) Promotions Social media: Social media is one of the most influential place to market the products or service. In this noble cause of saving orangutan would be easy for the foundations for their orangutan foundations noble cause. Social media platform like Face book and Twitter helps the foundation to create fan page where the volunteer would automatically be get to know about the foundations (Australia, 2015). Promoting in Schools and colleges magazines: This is one of the most influential way of promoting the exciting trip for the expedition in the Indonesia which could be very easy way to convince the student to come for the volunteer tourism (Voluntourism.org, 2015). TV: As per the Austrian bureau of statics, there is more than 19.1 million consumer of TV who regular watches the televisions. This would be one of the major techniques of targeting the customers for the expedition by promoting its advertisement in discovery or national geographic channels (Australia.gov.au, 2015). Conclusion From the above study, it has been found that, Orangutan Foundations is one of the primer foundations of saving the preserving the tropical forest which is been formed in 1990. Rise in the volunteer travelers has increased by 2.30% from the previous year. One of the major motivator among the volunteer travelers is cultural immersion where various form of people and from other nations meet at one place. Apart from that, it would be giving back which to return the society whatever little have been achieved by the volunteer travelers. One of the major target markets for the foundations would be sensation seekers and the maximum age limit start from the 16 age group. Lastly, TV commercials and the social media plat for are some of the major promotion tactics. Reference list Books Benson, A. (2011). Volunteer tourism. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Herbutt, T. (2013). Volunteer tourism. [S.l.]: Grin Verlag Ohg. Page, S. and Connell, J. (2008). Sustainable tourism. London: Routledge. 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